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Puneet Rawat · Founder · Mumbai

Sixteen Ventures.
Most of Them
Did Not Work.

Third-generation Mumbai entrepreneur. Finance graduate from Penn State, intern at Merrill Lynch Chicago, back in India by 2006 to join a family printing business he never intended to run. Since 2007 he has started sixteen ventures across e-commerce, search marketing, EdTech and B2B software. He titled his own presentation on them "Successful Failures." This page is the honest version of that record — what each one was, the stated reason each closed, and what they built toward. None of them closed because the money ran out.

2007 – presentBuilding, continuously
Penn State UniversityBS, Finance & Economics
6 national publicationsTOI · HT · BW · Mid-day · PrintWeek · Print Bulletin
16
Ventures started
3
Generations in business
4
Operating today
13,300+
LinkedIn followers
Where It Starts

One Machine, and a
Scooter Full of Paper.

This is not a story that begins with a founder and an idea. It begins two generations earlier, with a man who bought a single machine.

Puneet's grandfather held a job at one company his entire working life while raising two sons. What he gave them was not money — it was a start: one machine and an industrial unit.

His father built from there. Delivering xerox paper on the back of a scooter. Travelling city to city looking for business. Eventually opening his own printing press — Paper Print Services, founded 1987 — which went on to print for HUL, Cadbury, Raymond, Zodiac, Siyaram, Etihad and Jet Airways.

Puneet was given something his father never had: a choice. He did not want to join the printing business. He did anyway — but never only that. For fifteen years the press funded everything else he tried.

"I did not want to be part of the family printing business. However, I was always a part of it — it was my cash cow for all my projects alongside."

First generation
The machine
A lifetime in one job. Bought one machine and an industrial unit so his two sons would have somewhere to begin.
Second generation
The press
Paper delivered by scooter became Paper Print Services in 1987 — offset printing and packaging for some of India's largest FMCG and apparel names.
Third generation
The experiments
Sixteen ventures since 2007, funded by the press, most of them closed — and the operating knowledge that came out of them.
The Decision

He Was Offered 2%.
He Said No.

In 2007, a year after returning from the US, the CEO of PrintBell offered Puneet a 2% stake in the company.

He turned it down. Not out of caution — out of confidence. He was certain he could build something better himself.

PrintBell is VistaPrint India today.

He has never hidden this. It appears on the first working slide of his own presentation, under the heading "Good Decision / Bad Decision." And it is the honest answer to why any of what follows exists at all.

"This was my motivation to venture into e-commerce — that if he can do it, why can't I?"

Every venture on this page descends from that refusal. Sixteen attempts to prove a point he made to himself in 2007.

Before Any of It

Finance First.
Then Everything Else.

Until 1999
G.D. Somani Memorial School, Mumbai
Schooling through Class 10.
1999 – 2001
H.R. College, Mumbai
Classes 11 and 12.
2001 – 2005
Pennsylvania State University, USA
B.S. in Finance and Economics.
During studies
Merrill Lynch, Chicago · Prudential ICICI
Internships in financial services, in the US and India.
2006 – 2007
Returned to India · Paper Print Services
Joined the family business as a management trainee. Became a director in 2007.

The finance training matters less for what it taught about markets and more for what it taught about unit economics. Every venture that follows was measured — sometimes brutally — against whether the numbers actually worked.

The Record

Every Venture.
Including the Ones That Failed.

Listed in full, with dates and outcomes. Most investor pages show three wins. This shows all sixteen, because the pattern across them is the actual argument.

Paper Print Services1987 · joined 2007
Family business · Operating
Offset printing and packaging. Clients included HUL, Cadbury, Raymond, Zodiac, Siyaram, Oxemberg, Celio, Etam, Etihad, Jet Airways and NM Medical. Business shifted as brand budgets moved from print to digital, and as reverse-bidding entered FMCG procurement around 2017.
What it taughtManufacturing operations from the inside — job tracking, turnaround time, and why a shop floor and an office always disagree about status. This is the direct origin of Clicarity.
Print World2008 – present
Family business · Operating
Print packaging for garment, FMCG and pharmaceutical companies — cartons, boxes, sleeves and dispensers in board, paper and plastic. Built from scratch and grown at roughly 20% a year.
What it taughtRunning a P&L that has to survive without outside capital. Every venture since has been funded, not raised.
Unified Florists2010 – 2012
Closed
Global flower delivery through a network of florists across Russia, USA, UK, Europe, China, Japan and India. One of the earliest Facebook shopping applications in India to complete payment inside Facebook rather than redirecting out.
Why it endedNot the technology — the technology worked. India simply was not buying online yet in 2010. Being early to a behaviour is indistinguishable from being wrong about it, until later.
Unified Stores2011 – 2014
Closed
A marketplace exclusively for home bakers — brownies, cakes, chocolates, cupcakes. Delivery handled in-house specifically to hold quality. Associate sponsor of the Ithaca festival at St. Xavier's College, November 2011.
Why it endedConfectionery in India runs on word of mouth. When someone wants a cake, they call a friend or a relative — not a website. The channel was wrong for the category, and no amount of delivery quality fixes that.
My Pet Centre2011 – 2014
Closed
Online pet store for dogs, cats, birds and fish — food, toys, clothing and accessories delivered across India. Inspired by the family beagle, Mario. Exhibited at the Dog Fair at Colaba Pier.
Why it endedClosed the moment Amazon began selling pet products and discounting heavily. Competing on price against that was not a business — it was a slow bleed. Better to stop than to keep paying for the privilege.
22SEO2008 – 2015
Closed
Search, social and search-engine marketing services for internet startups, delivered globally. Ran with a team of twelve SEO specialists.
Why it endedNothing broke. A deliberate decision to outsource search work rather than carry a twelve-person team in-house. Closing something that still works, because the structure no longer makes sense, is the harder call.
Condom Point2008 – 2015
Closed
Discreet home delivery of contraceptives across India in plain brown packaging. Stocking, packing and dispatch all in-house. Ranked in Google's top 3 for major brand keywords for roughly four years. Became a B2B supplier to eight e-commerce platforms including HomeShop18, Naaptol, IndiaPlaza and Pepperfry. Partnerships with Paytm, FreeCharge and Beam. Sponsored a play at Prithvi Theatre, Juhu.
Why it endedDemand, and specifically privacy. In Indian households where families live together, anyone can open a discreetly packed box — so there is no discretion at all. People will travel a mile from their own neighbourhood to buy from a chemist who does not recognise them. That taboo was stronger than convenience.
CouponZatak2012 – 2014
Closed
Coupon aggregator sending free traffic to e-commerce sites, monetised through affiliate agencies including Omgpm, DgmPro and TrooTrac. Grew from roughly 100 monthly visitors to 20,000 in seven months, ranking top 10 for major retailer keywords.
Why it endedGoogle's Panda updates broke the rankings that were generating the traffic. Compounding it, the affiliate aggregators paid late and only after verification. Rented traffic plus delayed revenue is not a viable model.
Unified Papers2015
Closed
An aggregator bringing paper vendors into one searchable place to simplify purchasing for the printing industry. Built and ready, with vendors signed up.
Why it endedBuilt, and the vendors had all agreed to come on board. The customers did not follow. The supply side was ready and the demand side was not — which is the definition of being ahead of the market.
LUDIFU PhotoBooks2016 – present
Operating
Launched 23 December 2016 as an app — 30 to 100 phone photos, one per perforated page, ₹199, free delivery, and deliberately zero customisation. Seeded by GrooveBook on Shark Tank, angel funded by a family member. 1,750 downloads in three months; press in Hindustan Times, BW Disrupt, Mid-day and LBB within eight weeks. The app wound down by 2020 as demand fell away post-Covid and photo sharing went fully digital. It was replaced by LUDIFU Coffee Table Books — a premium service for newborn and milestone albums, which operates today.
What it taughtRemoving choice can be the feature. Also where the intern network began — 196 students by March 2017 — and where the brand learned to move upmarket rather than defend a ₹199 price point.
The Leaf by SrinathjiSep 2017 – Sep 2019
Closed
A pure-vegetarian global cuisine restaurant franchise in Malad West. Worked the floor daily — kitchen, raw material, front desk, complaints, marketing, team management. Delivery through Zomato, Swiggy and Grab.
Why it endedBeing new to the restaurant business against a franchiser who was equally new — his family ran a Jain chain, he wanted a fusion vegetarian concept. Our outlet became his training ground for every other franchise. When we tried to cut dishes that were not selling and push the ones that were, it was read as a challenge rather than data. An expensive education.
LUCADEMY (LUDIFU Academy)2020 – 2023
Closed to open batches
Live, instructor-led online training launched 15 May 2020, mid-lockdown, when the pandemic stalled the printing business. Grew to 3,00,000+ leads and 6,000+ paid students across 10 subjects with a core team of six. Featured on Page 2 of the Times of India, 25 August 2020.
What it taughtThat automation is not an efficiency play at scale — it is the only reason a six-person team can carry a thirty-person operation. Full case study →
ClicarityCurrent
Operating
A light manufacturing execution system — the tracking layer that sits beneath an ERP, CRM or spreadsheet. Workflows, orders and inventory for printing, packaging, corrugation, pharma packaging, steel processing, engineering and export businesses. Covered by PrintWeek and Print Bulletin in 2026.
What it taughtBuilt directly out of thirty years of watching a family print business struggle to answer one question: where is that job right now?
WA.ExpertCurrent
Operating
Official WhatsApp Business API platform — no-code chatbot builder, bulk campaigns, shared team inbox, mini CRM, webhooks and AI integration, with 1,000+ integrations including Shopify, Zoho, Tally and Razorpay.
What it taughtProductising the exact infrastructure that made LUCADEMY possible. The automation stack became the product.
ClickToWish2021 – present
Operating
Automated, personalised WhatsApp wishes for birthdays, anniversaries and milestones. Launched 2021 on a simple premise: people want to wish on time and keep forgetting.
What it taughtSome groups adopted it instantly. But people will not pay a premium to be reminded to be thoughtful, however good the product. Repriced to ₹15 for 15 people over two years — a level that actually encourages use. Correct pricing sometimes means accepting the market's verdict on what something is worth.
Unified Prints2007 – 2012
Holding entity
Intended as the online arm of the printing operation. Five years of development that never produced a live product.
Why it endedThe website never launched. Our developer could not keep a team — people joined and left — and we discovered late that this was his side project while his attention stayed on his main business. The lesson was about verifying commitment, not capability.
Written Down at the Time

The Lessons Were Recorded
As They Happened.

These are not retrospective. They are taken from a presentation given in March 2017, roughly three months after the photobook app launched — written while the money was still being spent.

Theatre advertising
₹ spent · one month
Ads ran for a month across IMAX PVR, Vivanna Cinepolis Thane and Inox MindSpace Malad. The slide reviewing this is titled simply "Learnings from Theatre Ads."
In his words"Never do things in josh. Don't go for glory. Theatres are mainly for brands who are well established. Need better branding and better positioning."
Fiverr video production
Worked
Explainer videos commissioned through Fiverr instead of an agency, used across YouTube and social.
In his words"Cheap and easy to make. Immediate understanding of the concept within a few seconds."
College sponsorship
Worked — unexpectedly
Sponsored Yountre at Sydenham College, January 2017. The event itself performed adequately. What came out of it mattered far more.
What it producedThe internship programme. Students were the target market and they responded — so the campaign became a recruitment channel, then a distribution network.
The product itself
Honest assessment
The same 2017 deck lists the app's weaknesses alongside its strengths, unprompted: no customisation, only ten photos uploadable at a time, delivery time, limited sizes.
In his words"App is not easy, especially at login. Spend less — need to be innovative."

"How do I reach out to more customers by spending less and gaining more?"

That was listed as an open challenge in March 2017. The answer arrived three years later, when six people ran an operation handling three lakh leads — and it became the product now sold as WA.Expert.

The Argument

None of Them Closed
Because of Money.

"Money was not the reason any of them shut. It was purely practical reasons for each. We realise the importance and value of time — and not being emotionally attached to any business."

Read the closure reasons above in sequence and a pattern emerges that is unusual in a founder. Amazon started discounting pet products, so My Pet Centre closed — immediately, not after two years of hoping. 22SEO was working and profitable when it was shut, because outsourcing made more structural sense than carrying twelve people. Unified Papers had every vendor signed up and was stopped when customers did not follow.

Most founders cannot kill something they built. They let it bleed quietly for years, because stopping feels like admitting something. The record here is sixteen ventures, several closed while still functioning, each one stopped for a stated reason that holds up on inspection.

For an investor the relevant question is not whether the failures were avoidable. It is whether the person allocating your capital can tell when something is finished, and act on it. That question has sixteen data points.

From the printing floor →
Clicarity
Thirty years of watching a press struggle to answer "where is that job right now" became a manufacturing execution system built specifically for businesses like the one he grew up inside.
From LUCADEMY →
WA.Expert
The WhatsApp automation built so six people could handle three lakh leads was too useful to keep internal. The internal tool became the product.
From the intern network →
Distribution at near-zero cost
196 students by March 2017, born out of one college sponsorship. Over 700 by 2018. Thousands by 2023. It became the acquisition engine that made a two percent conversion rate survivable.

Written around 2018, before LUCADEMY, before Clicarity, before WA.Expert: "I have tried my hands at many ventures, not being successful at any so far — besides good experience gained." It is included deliberately. Judge what came after against it.

Coverage

Six Publications.
Two Ventures.

The Times of India
Page 2, Mumbai · 25 Aug 2020
Opening story in a series on Mumbaikars who found new work during the pandemic. Covered the pivot from stalled printing to live e-workshops.
Hindustan Times
HT DO, Page 11 · 25 Feb 2017
Coverage of the LUDIFU photobook app at launch.
BW Disrupt
Business World · 15 Feb 2017
Founder interview on the photobook app and the decision to offer no customisation at all.
Mid-day
Holi weekend · 2017
Rated among the best deals of the weekend.
PrintWeek
April 2026
Coverage of Clicarity in the printing and packaging trade press.
Print Bulletin
May 2026
Industry coverage of Clicarity's manufacturing execution approach.

Also featured on LBB (February 2017) and covered independently by technology reviewers. LUDIFU maintains 13,300+ followers on LinkedIn.

Building Something,
or Backing Someone?

If you are an investor, a partner, or a founder working through a problem one of these ventures already ran into — the conversation is open.